Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia

Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia
Corso di laurea in infermieristica - Sede di Modena

Abstract

Aim: Blood sampling through peripheral venous catheters (CVP) is a widespread practice in some Operating Units (e.g. in the Emergency Department) because it allows to obtain multiple blood samples quickly and without performing repeated venipunctures; however, this technique is associated with a higher risk of hemolysis. The aim of this research is to make a report on the literature of the last 10 years and to highlight the critical points of this technique. In order to support this study, a procedure has been drafted with the aim of standardizing the process and making it accessible to the nursing staff of all departments.
Method: The research was conducted by consulting first nursing-related books and subsequently the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, as well as the Cochrane database of Systematic Reviews.
Results: 7 scientific articles, 2 of which were already revisions of the existing literature, 3 national guidelines and an international one, 3 guidelines of the “Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico di Modena” were selected.
At the end of the research it was possible to state that hemolytic samples were not only due to the kind of catether in use (or its features: material, gauge ...) but also to the anatomical site in which it was inserted, to the sampling time, to the duration of tourniquet application, to the difficulty of needle positioning, to the volume of the sample tube, the ability of the phlebotomist…
In terms of costs and preferences of the patient, the technique of blood sampling from CVP is to be preferred.
Conclusion: Other studies need to be conducted in order to show whether hemolysis is related to catheter itself or to mistakes by the nursing staff.