Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia

Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia
Corso di laurea in infermieristica - Sede di Modena

Abstract

VAP is a very difficult disease to manage because it leads to a worsening of the clinical conditions, to the development of comorbidity and to an extension of the time of hospitalization related to an increase of the costs. In this final work are illustrated the features of this event and the responsible pathogens, risk factors, diagnostics criteria and the most recent recommendations for VAP's prevention. After are presented the results of a study done in a local intensive care unit. The selected patients were admitted to hospital for a neurologic disease in 2012 and where under mechanical ventilation at least 48 hours. The collected data were about the patients, ventilation and the contingent death; in case of VAP also onset time and the pathogens. The collected data were analyzed to compare variables between the group of patients that developed a VAP and the group without VAP to check the presence of statistically significant differences and the incidence rate was calculated to compare with data collected in bibliography. Study's limits are the short time for data collection, the small sample and the lack of analysis about risk factors. The incidence rate is very high, in part maybe related to the typology of patients, the neurologic one, that could be predisposed to VAP, but an incidence rate about 2,5 times higher than the national and regional results however suggest that more studies are required. From the study came out that the VAP's risk increase with the extension of the time of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization and tracheostomy could be an useful aid to prevention. Mortality seems to be related to the serious diseases of the patients. The subscription to authority of infections surveillance (GiViTi) could help the ward to control annually the incidence rate, responsible pathogens and the other variables related to VAP.